Family: Phrurolithidae Banks, 1892 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0118] Detail
In synonymy:
Phruronellus Chamberlin, 1921 = Scotinella Banks, 1911 (Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305)
Gen. Scotinella Banks, 1911 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02206] Detail
type Scotinella pallida Banks, 1911; gender feminine
N.B.: transferred from the Liocranidae to the Corinnidae by Bosselaers & Jocqué, 2002: 265, to the Phrurolithidae by Ramírez, 2014: 343; considered a senior synonym of Phruronellus Chamberlin, 1921a: 69 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02201] (type Phrurolithus formica Banks, 1895) by Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305 (confirming Levi, 1951: 27 and Roth, 1985: 10); not a junior synonym of Phrurolithus C. L. Koch, 1839 (Kaston, 1972a, and more recent authors, contra Lehtinen, 1967: 263), see note under Phrurolithus.
Transferred to other genera:
Scotinella tinikitkita Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 -- see Koppe
In synonymy:
Scotinella absurda (Gertsch, 1941, T from Phrurolithus) = Scotinella floridae (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) (Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305).
Scotinella affinis (Banks, 1896, T from Phrurolithus) = Scotinella pugnata (Emerton, 1890) (Chamberlin, 1921a: 70, sub Phruronellus).
Scotinella concisa (Gertsch, 1941, T from Phrurolithus) = Scotinella alata (Ivie & Barrows, 1935) (Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 307).
Scotinella delicatula (Gertsch, 1935) = Scotinella similis (Banks, 1895) (Gertsch, 1941b: 1, sub Phrurolithus).
Scotinella pipensis (Muma, 1945, T from Phrurolithus) = Scotinella banksi (Gertsch, 1941) (Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 320).
Scotinella adjacens (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | m | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024288]
Phrurolithus adjacens Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 18, f. 22-23 (Dm).
Scotinella adjacens Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella alata (Ivie & Barrows, 1935) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024290]
Phrurolithus alatus Ivie & Barrows, 1935: 20, pl. 8, f. 59-62 (Dmf).
Phrurolithus concisus Gertsch, 1941b: 15, f. 31 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024300].
Scotinella alata Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 307, f. 6-10, 30-33 (mf, T from Phrurolithus, S of Phrurolithus concisus).
Scotinella apachea (Gertsch, 1941) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024291]
Phrurolithus apacheus Gertsch, 1941b: 14, f. 17 (Df).
Scotinella apachea Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 341, f. 141-144, 158-162 (Dm, f, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella approximata (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | m | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024293]
Phrurolithus approximatus Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 16, f. 29-30 (Dm).
Scotinella approximatus Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella banksi (Gertsch, 1941) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024294]
Phrurolithus banksi Gertsch, 1941b: 4, f. 13-14 (Dm).
Phrurolithus pipensis Muma, 1945: 100, pl. 10, f. 17 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024340].
Scotinella banksi Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 320, f. 56-60, 81-84 (mf, T from Phrurolithus, S of Phrurolithus pipensis).
Scotinella bennetti Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060376]
Scotinella bennetti Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 325, f. 66-67, 89-90 (Df).
Scotinella britcheri (Petrunkevitch, 1910) | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024398]
Phrurolithus britcheri Petrunkevitch, 1910: 217, pl. 22, f. 23 (Df).
Phrurolithus britcheri Kaston, 1948: 392, f. 1396 (f).
Phrurolithus britcheri Penniman, 1978: 125, f. 13 (f; other figs. see Scotinella pallida).
Scotinella britcheri Dondale & Redner, 1982: 154, f. 289, 292 (Dm, T from Phrurolithus; f see Scotinella pallida).
Scotinella brittoni (Gertsch, 1941) | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024399]
Phrurolithus formica Emerton, 1911: 403, pl. 6, f. 1a, c (mf; misidentified per Gertsch, 1941b: 14).
Phrurolithus britcheri Gertsch, 1935b: 4, f. 7-8 (m; misidentified per Gertsch, 1941b: 14).
Phrurolithus brittoni Gertsch, 1941b: 14, f. 34-36 (Dmf).
Phrurolithus brittoni Kaston, 1948: 391, f. 1394-1395 (mf).
Scotinella brittoni Dondale & Redner, 1982: 159, f. 293-296 (mf, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella brittoni Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 153, f. 1679-1681 (mf).
Scotinella californica (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024360]
Phruronellus californicus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 139, f. 11 (Df).
Scotinella californica Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 306 (T from Phruronellus, by S of the genus).
Scotinella coahuilana (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | m f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024299]
Phrurolithus coahuilanus Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 16, f. 33-35 (Dmf).
Scotinella coahuilanus Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella coylei Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060379]
Scotinella coylei Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 343, f. 145-148, 163-167 (Dmf).
Scotinella custeri Levi, 1951 | f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024400]
Scotinella custeri Levi & Levi, 1951: 229, f. 28 (Df).
Scotinella debilis (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024305]
Phrurolithus debilis Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 17, f. 26 (Df).
Scotinella debilis Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella deleta (Gertsch, 1941) | m | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024401]
Phrurolithus deletus Gertsch, 1941b: 10, f. 28-29 (Dm).
Scotinella deleta Dondale & Redner, 1982: 160, f. 301-302 (m, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella diversa (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024307]
Phrurolithus diversus Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 19, f. 20 (Df).
Scotinella diversus Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella divesta (Gertsch, 1941) | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024402]
Phrurolithus divestus Gertsch, 1941b: 6, f. 19-21 (Dmf).
Phrurolithus divestus Kaston, 1948: 393, f. 1399-1400 (mf).
Scotinella divesta Dondale & Redner, 1982: 145, f. 266-268, 270 (mf, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella divesta Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 153, f. 1682-1684 (mf).
Scotinella divinula (Gertsch, 1941) | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024403]
Phrurolithus divinulus Gertsch, 1941b: 6, f. 7-9 (Dmf).
Scotinella divinula Dondale & Redner, 1982: 161, f. 303-306 (mf, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella divinula Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 326, f. 68-72, 91-94 (mf).
Scotinella dixiana Roddy, 1957 | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024404]
Scotinella dixiana Roddy, 1957: 288, f. 1, 3-4 (Dmf).
Phrurolithus dixianus Brignoli, 1983c: 583 (T from Scotinella).
Scotinella dixiana Platnick, 1993c: 605 (T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella dixiana Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 330, f. 101-104, 120-124 (mf).
Scotinella elpotosi Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022 | m f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:053730]
Scotinella elpotosi Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288, f. 1-21 (Dmf).
Scotinella floridae (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024361]
Phruronellus floridae Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 139, f. 12 (Df).
Phrurolithus absurdus Gertsch, 1941b: 16, f. 32-33 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024287].
Scotinella floridae Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305, f. 1-5, 26-29 (mf, T from Phruronellus, S of Phrurolithus absurdus).
Scotinella formica (Banks, 1895) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024362]
Phrurolithus formica Banks, 1895d: 81 (Dm).
Phrurolithus formica Emerton, 1911: 403, pl. 6, f. 1, 1b, 1d-e (m, Df; f. 1a, c see Scotinella brittoni).
Phruronellus formica Chamberlin, 1921a: 69.
Phruronellus formica Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 137, f. 1 (m).
Phruronellus formica Kaston, 1948: 391, f. 1391-1393 (mf).
Scotinella formica Kaston, 1977: 48.
Scotinella formica Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 311, f. 16-20, 38-41 (mf, T from Phruronellus).
Scotinella formidabilis (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024363]
Phruronellus formidabilis Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 137, f. 4-5 (Dm).
Phrurolithus formidabilis Chickering, 1939: 80, f. 83-86 (m, Df).
Scotinella formidabilis Levi, 1951: 30.
Scotinella formidabilis Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305 (T from Phruronellus, by S of the genus).
Scotinella fratrella (Gertsch, 1935) | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024405]
Phrurolithus fratrellus Gertsch, 1935b: 6, f. 21 (Df).
Phrurolithus fratrellus Barrows & Ivie, 1942: 20, pl. 1, f. 6-7 (Dm).
Phrurolithus fratrellus Penniman, 1978: 125, f. 1-4, 9-12, 15-16 (mf).
Scotinella fratrella Dondale & Redner, 1982: 153, f. 285-288 (mf, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella fratella Rivera-Quiroz et al., 2020: 5, f. 3b (f, lapsus; = Dondale & Redner, 1982:  f. 288).
Scotinella fratrella Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 339, f. 137-140, 153-157 (mf).
Scotinella garman Chamé-Vázquez & Guzmán-García, 2023 | m f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059224]
Scotinella garman Chamé-Vázquez & Guzmán-García, in Chamé-Vázquez, Guzmán-García & Maldonado-Carrizales, 2023: 454, f. 1-40, 59-60 (Dmf).
Scotinella gertschi Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060375]
Scotinella gertschi Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 318, f. 51-55, 77-80 (Dmf).
Scotinella goodnighti (Muma, 1945) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024316]
Phrurolithus goodnighti Gertsch, 1941b: 1, f. 4-5 (m; misidentified per Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 313).
Phrurolithus goodnighti Muma, 1945: 99, pl. 10, f. 14-16 (Dmf).
Scotinella goodnighti Levi, 1951: 28.
Scotinella iviei Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060374]
Scotinella iviei Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 316, f. 46-50, 73-76 (Dmf).
Scotinella madisonia Levi, 1951 | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024406]
Scotinella madisonia Levi, 1951: 27, f. 23, 27 (Df).
Scotinella madisonia Levi & Field, 1954: 459, f. 79 (f).
Scotinella madisonia Dondale & Redner, 1982: 151, f. 281-284 (mf).
Scotinella manitou Levi, 1951 | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024407]
Scotinella manitou Levi, 1951: 28, f. 24-26, 28 (Dmf).
Scotinella manitou Levi & Field, 1954: 459, f. 81, 85 (mf).
Scotinella minnetonka (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024408]
Phruronellus minnetonka Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 139, f. 13-15 (Dmf).
Scotinella minnetonka Levi, 1951: 28.
Scotinella minnetonka Levi & Field, 1954: 459, f. 80, 88 (mf).
Scotinella minnetonka Dondale & Redner, 1982: 156, f. 297-300 (mf, T from Phruronellus).
Scotinella minnetonka Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 153, f. 1685-1687 (mf).
Scotinella pallida Banks, 1911 * | f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024409]
Scotinella pallida Banks, 1911: 442, pl. 34, f. 7 (Df).
Phrurolithus britcheri Penniman, 1978: 125, f. 7-8, 14 (f; misidentified per Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 337).
Scotinella britcheri Dondale & Redner, 1982: 154, f. 290-291 (f; misidentified per Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 337).
Scotinella pallida Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 337, f. 135-136, 149-152 (f).
Scotinella pelvicolens (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024410]
Phruronellus pelvicolens Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 138, f. 6-8 (Dmf).
Scotinella pelvicolens Levi & Levi, 1951: 229.
Scotinella pelvicolens Kaston, 1961: 183, f. 11-12 (mf, T from Phruronellus).
Scotinella pennimani Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060377]
Scotinella pennimani Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 328, f. 95-98, 113-117 (Dmf).
Scotinella picta (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024364]
Phruronellus pictus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: 138, f. 9-10 (Dmf).
Scotinella picta Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 305 (T from Phruronellus, by S of the genus).
Scotinella pintura (Ivie & Barrows, 1935) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024339]
Phrurolithus pinturus Ivie & Barrows, 1935: 22, pl. 8, f. 63-65 (Dmf).
Scotinella pintura Barnes, 1953: 17.
Scotinella pintura Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 309, f. 11-15, 34-37 (mf, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella poncei Chamé-Vázquez & Maldonado-Carrizales, 2023 | m f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:059225]
Scotinella poncei Chamé-Vázquez & Maldonado-Carrizales, in Chamé-Vázquez, Guzmán-García & Maldonado-Carrizales, 2023: 459, f. 41-58, 61-62 (Dmf).
Scotinella pugnata (Emerton, 1890) | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024411]
Phrurolithus pugnatus Emerton, 1890: 188, pl. 6, f. 6 (Dmf).
Phrurolithus affinis Banks, 1896e: 65 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060365].
Phruronellus pugnatus Chamberlin, 1921a: 69 (S of Phrurolithus affinis).
Phrurolithus pugnatus Gertsch, 1941b: 4, f. 22-24 (mf).
Phrurolithus pugnatus Kaston, 1948: 390, f. 1357-1359, 1390 (mf).
Scotinella pugnata Dondale & Redner, 1982: 147, f. 12, 258-265 (mf, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella pugnata Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 153, f. 1688-1690 (mf).
Scotinella redempta (Gertsch, 1941) | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024412]
Phruronellus similis Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930: pl. 2, f. 2-3 (mf; misidentified per Gertsch, 1941b: 2).
Phrurolithus redemptus Gertsch, 1941b: 2, f. 15-16, 18 (Dmf).
Scotinella redemptus Roddy, 1957: 288.
Scotinella redempta Dondale & Redner, 1982: 150, f. 275-280 (mf, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella redempta Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 322, 61-65, 85-88 (mf).
Scotinella sculleni (Gertsch, 1941) | m f | Canada, USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024413]
Phrurolithus sculleni Gertsch, 1941b: 8, f. 25-27 (Dmf).
Scotinella sculleni Dondale & Redner, 1982: 149, f. 269, 271-274 (mf, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella similis (Banks, 1895) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024346]
Phrurolithus similis Banks, 1895d: 81 (Dm).
Phrurolithus delicatulus Gertsch, 1935b: 2, f. 4-5 (Dm, f see Scotinella singula) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060366].
Phrurolithus similis Gertsch, 1941b: 1, f. 1-3 (m, Df, S of Phrurolithus delicatulus).
Phrurolithus similis Kaston, 1948: 392, f. 1397-1398 (mf).
Scotinella similis Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 335, f. 109-112, 130-134 (mf, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella singula (Gertsch, 1941) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024347]
Phrurolithus delicatulus Gertsch, 1935b: 3, f. 6 (f; misidentified per Gertsch, 1941b: 1).
Phrurolithus singulus Gertsch, 1941b: 1, f. 6 (Df, m see Scotinella goodnighti).
Scotinella singula Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 313, f. 21-25, 42-45 (Dm, f, T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella tamaulipana (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | m | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024354]
Phrurolithus tamaulipanus Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 19, f. 32 (Dm).
Scotinella tamaulipanus Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella tepejicana (Gertsch & Davis, 1940) | m | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:024355]
Phrurolithus tepejicanus Gertsch & Davis, 1940b: 18, f. 18-19 (Dm).
Scotinella tepejicanus Chamé-Vázquez & Jiménez, 2022: 288 (T from Phrurolithus).
Scotinella thurstoni Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024 | f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:060378]
Scotinella thurstoni Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez, 2024: 330, f. 99-100, 118-119 (Df).
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