Taxon details


Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845)

  • Rank: Species (Genus type)
  • Status: accepted
  • Described: m f
  • Last updated: 2024-08-03
  • LSID: [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035430]
  • Distribution: Canada, USA, Mexico. Introduced to Hawaii, Azores, India (Nicobar Is.)
Type deposit provide information
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus alchymista C. L. Koch, 1846, (1638)
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus electus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1647)
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus elegans C. L. Koch, 1846, (1645)
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus lunulatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1648)
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus smaragdifer C. L. Koch, 1846, (1639, 1639a)
  • Holotype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus togatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1637, 1637a)
  • Holotype: American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New York, USA; f of Phidippus bryantae (Kaston, 1945a)
  • Neotype: Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Harvard University, Cambridge, USA; m (Edwards, 1994)
  • Neotype: Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Harvard University, Cambridge, USA; m of Salticus variegatus (Edwards, 1994)
  • Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus concinnatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1636, 1636a–b)
  • Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus dubiosus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1643, 1643a)
  • Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus mundulus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1646)
  • Syntype: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Germany (database export of type material, March 2019); Phidippus personatus C. L. Koch, 1846, (1644, 1644e)
Taxonomic references
Salticus variegatus Lucas, 1833b: 478, pl. 18, f. 1 (Dm; suppresed for lack of usage by Richman, 1977: 10) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061654].
Attus audax Hentz, 1845: 199, pl. 17, f. 6-7 (Dm).
Phidippus togatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 129, f. 1189 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061653].
Attus tripunctatus Hentz, 1846: 355, pl. 21, f. 8 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061676].
Attus fasciolatus Hentz, 1846: 356, pl. 12, f. 11 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061677].
Phidippus variegatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 125, f. 1186 (m).
Phidippus smaragdifer C. L. Koch, 1846: 128, f. 1188 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061678].
Phidippus alchymista C. L. Koch, 1846: 131, f. 1190 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061679].
Phidippus rufimanus C. L. Koch, 1846: 132, f. 1191 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061680].
Phidippus lunulatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 133, f. 1192 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061681].
Phidippus dubiosus C. L. Koch, 1846: 135, f. 1193 (Dj) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061682].
Phidippus mundulus C. L. Koch, 1846: 137, f. 1195-1196 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061683].
Phidippus personatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 141, f. 1199 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061684].
Phidippus elegans C. L. Koch, 1846: 142, f. 1200 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061685].
Phidippus electus C. L. Koch, 1846: 144, f. 1201 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061641].
Phidippus concinnatus C. L. Koch, 1846: 145, f. 1202 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:061686].
Attus tripunctatus Peckham & Peckham, 1883: 33, pl. 3, f. 25 (mf).
Phidippus audax Peckham & Peckham, 1886: 298.
Phidippus morsitans Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 11, pl. 1, f. 1 (mf, S of Phidippus lunulatus; misidentified per Edwards, 2004: 73).
Phidippus rauterbergii Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 22, pl. 1, f. 8, pl. 2, f. 8 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035490].
Phidippus mexicanus Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 23, pl. 2, f. 7 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035473].
Philaeus farneus Peckham & Peckham, 1888: 26, pl. 3, f. 16 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035455].
Phidippus tripunctatus Emerton, 1891: 227, pl. 16, f. 5 (mf).
Megatimus severus Thorell, 1891: 130 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:033126].
Megatimus severus Workman & Workman, 1894: 13, pl. 13 (f).
Phidippus morsitans Peckham & Peckham, 1896: 23, pl. 2, f. 4 (f; misidentified per Edwards, 2004: 73).
Phidippus howardii Peckham & Peckham, 1896: 34, pl. 2, f. 7 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035463].
Phidippus mexicanus Banks, 1898b: 280 (Df).
Phidippus farneus Peckham & Peckham, 1901a: 287.
Phidippus rauterbergi Peckham & Peckham, 1901a: 295, pl. 24, f. 6 (f).
Phidippus morsitans Tullgren, 1901a: 25 (misidentified per Edwards, 2004: 73).
Phidippus howardi F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 285, pl. 27, f. 8 (m).
Phidippus mexicanus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901a: 286, pl. 27, f. 10 (m).
Dendryphantes morsitans Simon, 1901a: 625 (misidentified per Edwards, 2004: 73).
Dendryphantes severus Simon, 1901a: 625.
Dendryphantes variegatus Simon, 1901a: 625.
Phidippus tripunctatus Emerton, 1902: 51, f. 136 (mf).
Phidippus audax Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 389, pl. 29, f. 2 (mf, S of Phidippus concinnatus, P. mundulus, P. purpurifer [rejected by Edwards, 2004: 54, see Phidippus regius], P. rufimanus and P. tripunctatus).
Phidippus variegatus Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 390, pl. 29, f. 1 (mf).
Phidippus howardi Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 391, pl. 29, f. 3 (m).
Phidippus rauterbergi Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 429, pl. 34, f. 7 (f).
Phidippus farneus Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 430, pl. 30, f. 5 (f).
Phidippus audax Banks, 1910: 63 (S of Attus fasciolatus, Phidippus alchymista, P. dubiosus, P. elegans, P. personatus and P. smaragdifer).
Dendryphantes audax Petrunkevitch, 1911: 622.
Dendryphantes farneus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 629.
Dendryphantes howardi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 632.
Dendryphantes mexicanus Petrunkevitch, 1911: 636.
Dendryphantes rauterbergi Petrunkevitch, 1911: 641.
Phidippus audax Comstock, 1912: 681, f. 753.
Phidippus audax Banks, 1916: 82 (S of Phidippus rauterbergi).
Phidippus audax Bryant, 1940: 502 (S of Phidippus regius; revalidated by Bryant, 1943b: 514).
Phidippus variegatus Bryant, 1942c: 694, f. 15-16 (mf).
Phidippus audax Chickering, 1944: 189, f. 92-96 (mf).
Phidippus variegatus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 209, f. 29 (f).
Phidippus bryantae Kaston, 1945a: 12, f. 84-85 (Df).
Phidippus audax Kaston, 1948: 482, f. 1767-1770, 1785-1788, 2072 (mf).
Dendryphantes variegatus Roewer, 1955c: 1205 (S of Attus = Salticus morsitans; rejected by Edwards, 2004: 72 [nomen dubium]).
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 1971e: 454 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus farneus Prószyński, 1971e: 455 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus howardi Prószyński, 1971e: 455 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus mexicanus Prószyński, 1971e: 455 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus rauterbergi Prószyński, 1971e: 456 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus variegatus Prószyński, 1971e: 456 (T from Dendryphantes).
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 1976: 149, f. 49, 84 (mf).
Phidippus rauterbergi Prószyński, 1976: 149, f. 52 (f).
Phidippus audax Richman, 1977: 10 (S of Phidippus variegatus).
Phidippus audax Oehler, 1980: 6, f. 17-23 (mf).
Phidippus audax Kim, 1987: 99, f. 4-6 (f).
Phidippus audax Breene et al., 1993: 70, f. 56A-C (mf).
Phidippus audax Maddison, 1996: 332, f. 41, 67, 75 (mf).
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 2002: 239, f. 77-78 (f).
Phidippus audax Edwards, 2004: 72, f. C32-36, 237-243 (mf, S of Dendryphantes severus, Phidippus electus [removed from S of P. purpuratus, rejecting Roewer, 1955c: 1215], P. farneus, P. howardi, P. mexicanus and P. togatus [removed from S of P. regius, rejecting Roewer, 1955c: 1199]).
Phidippus audax Wunderlich, 2008f: 719, f. 60-62 (mf).
Phidippus audax Maddison et al., 2016: 8, f. 13 (m).
Phidippus audax Prószyński, 2017b: 94, f. 41O, 42S (mf).
References

Banks, N. (1898b). Arachnida from Baja California and other parts of Mexico. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (3) 1(7): 205-309. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Banks, N. (1916). Revision of Cayuga Lake spiders. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 68: 68-84. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Banks, N. (1910). Catalogue of Nearctic spiders. Bulletin, United States National Museum 72: 1-80. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Breene, R. G., Dean, D. A., Nyffeler, M. & Edwards, G. B. (1993). Biology, Predation Ecology, and Significance of Spiders in Texas Cotton Ecosystems with a Key to Species. Texas Agriculture Experiment Station, College Station, 115 pp. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Bryant, E. B. (1942c). Descriptions of certain North American Phidippus. American Midland Naturalist 28: 693-707. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Bryant, E. B. (1940). Cuban spiders in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 86: 247-532. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chamberlin, R. V. & Ivie, W. (1944). Spiders of the Georgia region of North America. Bulletin of the University of Utah 35(9): 1-267. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Chickering, A. M. (1944). The Salticidae of Michigan. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 29: 139-222. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Comstock, J. H. (1912). The spider book; a manual for the study of the spiders and their near relatives, the scorpions, pseudoscorpions, whipscorpions, harvestmen and other members of the class Arachnida, found in America north of Mexico, with analytical keys for their classification and popular accounts of their habits. Garden City, New York, pp. 1-721. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Edwards, G. B. (2004). Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods 11: 1-156. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Emerton, J. H. (1891). New England spiders of the family Attidae. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 8: 220-252, pl. 16-21. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Emerton, J. H. (1902). The common spiders of the United States. Boston, 225 pp. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5617 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Hentz, N. M. (1845). Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History 5(2): 189-202, pl. 16-17. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Hentz, N. M. (1846). Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History 5: 352-370, pl. 21-22. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Kaston, B. J. (1945a). New spiders in the group Dionycha with notes on other species. American Museum Novitates 1290: 1-25. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Kaston, B. J. (1948). Spiders of Connecticut. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey 70: 1-874. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Kim, J. P. (1987). Notes on the three species of American spiders (Araneae: Agelenidae, Salticidae). Korean Arachnology 3: 97-102. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Koch, C. L. (1846). Die Arachniden. J. L. Lotzbeck, Nürnberg, Dreizehnter Band, pp. 1-234, pl. 433-468 (f. 1078-1271); Vierzehnter Band, pp. 1-88, pl. 467-480 (f. 1272-1342). [for the correct year of publication see Brignoli, 1985b] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.43744 download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Lucas, H. (1833b). Mémoire sur plusieurs Arachnides nouvelles appartenant au genre Atte de M. de Walckenaer. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 2: 476-482, pl. 18. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Maddison, W. P. (1996). Pelegrina Franganillo and other jumping spiders formerly placed in the genus Metaphidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 154: 215-368. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Maddison, W. P., Maddison, D. R., Zhang, J. X. & Szűts, T. (2016). Phylogenetic placement of the unusual jumping spider Depreissia Lessert, and a new synapomorphy uniting Hisponinae and Salticinae (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 549: 1-12. doi:10.3897/zookeys.549.6171 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Oehler, C. M. (1980). Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in the Cincinnati region of Ohio, including Butler, Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties. Ohio Biological Survey Notes 13: 1-36. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1883). Descriptions of new or little known spiders of the family Attidae from various parts of the United States of North America. Milwaukee, 35 pp., 3 pls. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.136491 download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1886). Genera of the family Attidae: with a partial synonymy. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 6: 255-342, tab. 1-4. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1888). Attidae of North America. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 7: 1-104, pl. 1-6. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1896). Spiders of the family Attidae from Central America and Mexico. Occasional Papers of the Natural History Society of Wisconsin 3: 1-101, pl. 1-7. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1901a). Spiders of the Phidippus group of the family Attidae. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 13: 282-358. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Peckham, G. W. & Peckham, E. G. (1909). Revision of the Attidae of North America. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 16(1, 5): 355-646, pl. 29-51. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Petrunkevitch, A. (1911). A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 1-791. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1901a). Arachnida - Araneida and Opiliones. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology. London, 2, pp. 193-312, pl. 15-30. [for the exact dates see Lyal, 2011] download pdf -- Show included taxa

Prószyński, J. (1971e). Catalogue of Salticidae (Aranei) specimens kept in major collections of the world. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 28: 367-519. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Prószyński, J. (1976). Studium systematyczno-zoogeograflczne nad rodziną Salticidae (Aranei) Regionów Palearktycznego i Nearktycznego. Wyższa Szkola Pedagogiczna Siedlcach 6: 1-260. [pdf is made from a reprint from 1979] download pdf -- Show included taxa

Prószyński, J. (2002). Remarks on Salticidae (Aranei) from Hawaii, with description of Havaika gen.n. Arthropoda Selecta 10: 225-241. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Prószyński, J. (2017b). Pragmatic classification of the world's Salticidae (Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 12: 1-133. doi:10.37828/em.2017.12.1 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Richman, D. B. (1977). [Review of] Studium systematyczno-zoogeograficzne nad rodzina Salticidae (Aranei) regionow Palearktycznego i Neartycznego, by J. Prószyński. Peckhamia 1: 9-11. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Roewer, C. F. (1955c). Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. 2. Band, Abt. a (Lycosaeformia, Dionycha [excl. Salticiformia]). 2. Band, Abt. b (Salticiformia, Cribellata) (Synonyma-Verzeichnis, Gesamtindex). Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 1751 pp. download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Simon, E. (1901a). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Deuxième édition, tome second. Roret, Paris, pp. 381-668. [second pdf with detailed publication dates of the single parts] doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973 download pdf download pdf -- Show included taxa

Thorell, T. (1891). Spindlar från Nikobarerna och andra delar af södra Asien. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 24(2): 1-149. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Tullgren, A. (1901a). On the spiders collected in Florida by Dr. Einar Lönnberg 1892–93. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 27(IV, 1): 1-29, 1 pl. download pdf -- Show included taxa

Workman, T. & Workman, M. E. (1894). Malaysian spiders. Belfast, pp. 9-24. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.101972 download pdf -- Show included taxa

Wunderlich, J. (2008f). Identification key to the European genera of the jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Beiträge zur Araneologie 5: 698-719, 868. download pdf -- Show included taxa

External Resource References

* Disclaimer
As External Resources, the World Spider Catalog links here to species pages of other databases. They may contain further information for the given species. The databases, listed as External Resources, however, are not managed by World Spider Catalog and the information given there is not necessarily in agreement with the World Spider Catalog. All responsibility for such data is with the external database.

GBIF.org (2019). GBIF Home Page (via GBIF API). Available from: https://www.gbif.org [1 September 2019]

Metzner, H. (2019). Jumping spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae) of the world. Online at https://www.jumping-spiders.com.

Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Bosmans, R., Gloor, D., Hänggi, A., Kropf, C.: Spiders of Europe. www.araneae.nmbe.ch. Version 05.2018. doi: 10.24436/1

Prószyński, J. (2016). Monograph of Salticidae (Araneae) of the World 1995-2015. Part II. Global Species Database of Salticidae (Araneae). Version October 30th, 2016, online at http://www.salticidae.pl. download pdf

Edit history
Date Type Reference Detail
2020-02-15 Species distribution update n/a (Old value)
2020-02-15 Species distribution update Wunderlich, 2008f n/a (Old value)
2017-09-20 New taxonomic reference entry Prószyński, 2017b n/a
2016-01-27 New taxonomic reference entry Maddison et al., 2016 n/a