In synonymy:
Achetopus Tullgren, 1905 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Raven, 1985a: 74)
Euharmonicon Mello-Leitão, 1920 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Raven, 1985a: 74)
Evagrella Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Raven, 1985a: 74)
Melodeus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Simon, 1903a: 963, sub Thalerothele)
Parathalerothele Canals, 1931 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1968b: 185, sub Achetopus)
Prosharmonicon Mello-Leitão, 1938 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Bücherl, 1962a: 261, sub Harmonicon)
Pseudohermachura Mello-Leitão, 1927 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Bücherl, 1962a: 261, sub Harmonicon)
Taunayella Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Raven, 1985a: 74)
Thalerothele Bertkau, 1880 = Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (Raven, 1985a: 159)

type Mygale macrura C. L. Koch, 1841; gender feminine

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Thalerothele Bertkau, 1880a: 23 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05070] (type T. fasciata Bertkau, 1880 = Diplura lineata (Lucas, 1857)), Harmonicon F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 [but see below] (and thereby of Pseudohermachura Mello-Leitão, 1927c: 402 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05068] (type P. catharinensis Mello-Leitão, 1927) and Prosharmonicon Mello-Leitão, 1938b: 313 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05067] (type P. maculatum Mello-Leitão, 1938 = Diplura catharinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1927)) per Bücherl, 1962a: 261, contra Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 231, who considered the latter name a junior synonym of Parathalerothele Canals, 1931), Achetopus Tullgren, 1905: 14 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05060] (type A. erlandi Tullgren, 1905), Euharmonicon Mello-Leitão, 1920b: 60 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05063] (type E. studiosum Mello-Leitão, 1920), Evagrella Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 87 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05064] (type E. garbei Mello-Leitão, 1923) and Taunayella Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 97 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05069] (type T. taunayi Mello-Leitão, 1923) by Raven, 1985a: 74, but all species previously assigned to Diplura itself, except for the type species, D. macrura (C. L. Koch, 1841), and two others transferred to Rachias, were transferred by Raven (mostly without individual citations) to Linothele Karsch, 1879; Achetopus considered a senior synonym of Parathalerothele Canals, 1931b: 358 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05066] (type C. argentina Canals, 1931) by Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1968b: 185; Thalerothele considered a senior synonym of Melodeus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896: 758 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05653] (type M. sanguineus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896, per Bonnet, 1957: 2764) by Simon, 1903a: 963; not a senior synonym of Harmonicon F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 (Maréchal & Marty, 1998, contra Raven, 1985a), see note under Harmonicon.

Transferred to other genera:
Diplura annectens (Bertkau, 1880) -- see Harpathele
Diplura gymnognatha Bertkau, 1880 -- see Harpathele

In synonymy:
Diplura aurantiaca (Mello-Leitão, 1943) = Diplura macrura (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 128, sub Thalerothele uniformis).
Diplura bicolor (Simon, 1889, T from Linothele) = Diplura macrura (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 3).
Diplura fasciata (Bertkau, 1880) = Diplura lineata (Lucas, 1857) (Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 11).
Diplura maculata (Mello-Leitão, 1938) = Diplura catharinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1927) (Bücherl, 1962a: 261, sub Harmonicon, confirmed by Pedroso, Giupponi & Baptista, 2018: 69).
Diplura minensis (Mello-Leitão, 1926) = Diplura macrura (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 128, sub Thalerothele uniformis).
Diplura nigridorsi (Mello-Leitão, 1924) = Diplura lineata (Lucas, 1857) (Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 11).
Diplura uniformis (Mello-Leitão, 1923) = Diplura macrura (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 3).

Parathalerothele argentina Canals, 1931b: 358, f. 1-5 (Dm).
Achetopus argentinus Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1968b: 187, f. 9-13 (m).

Pseudohermachura catharinensis Mello-Leitão, 1927c: 402 (Df).
Prosharmonicon maculatum Mello-Leitão, 1938b: 313 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000271].
Harmonicon catharinensis Bücherl, 1962a: 261 (S of Prosharmonicon maculatum, confirmed by Pedroso, Giupponi & Baptista, 2018: 69).

Achetopus erlandi Tullgren, 1905: 14, pl. 1, f. 3 (Dmf).
Achetopus erlandi Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1968b: 185, f. 1-5 (m).
Diplura erlandi Bäckstam, 2015: 255, f. 1-14 (m).

Evagrella garbei Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 88, f. 35-36 (Df).

Hapalothele garleppi Simon, 1892d: 284 (Df).
Fufius garleppi F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896: 753.
Diplura garleppi Raven, 1985a: 135 (Tf from Fufius).

Mygale lineata Lucas, 1857c: 14, f. 1a-c (Dm).
Thalerothele fasciata Bertkau, 1880a: 24, pl. 1, f. 6 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000266].
Diplura fasciata Simon, 1889m: 183.
Thalerothele fasciata Simon, 1903a: 963.
Thalerothele fasciata Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 101, f. 10 (f).
Harmonicon nigridorsi Mello-Leitão, 1924b: 186 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000273].
Thalerothele lineata Mello-Leitão, 1926a: 309.
Harmonicon nigridorsi Mello-Leitão, 1926a: 315, f. 4 (f).
Paraharmonicon nigridorsi Mello-Leitão, 1926a: 316 (tentative generic name only).
Mygale lineata Roewer, 1955c: 1596 (nicht zu deuten = nomen dubium).
Harmonicon nigridorsi Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 122, f. 15-16 (Dm).
Diplura lineata Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 11, f. 14-25 (mf, S of Diplura fasciata and D. nigridorsi).

Mygale macrura C. L. Koch, 1841a: vol. 9: 38, pl. 300, f. 715 (Dm).
Diplura macrura C. L. Koch, 1850: 75.
Diplura bicolor Simon, 1889m: 215 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000329].
Thalerothele uniformis Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 105, f. 4 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:000281].
Thalerothele minensis Mello-Leitão, 1926a: 314, f. 1-3 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055389].
Diplura bicolor Mello-Leitão, 1937a: 3, f. 3 (Dm).
Thalerothele aurantiaca Mello-Leitão, 1943b: 255 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055388].
Diplura bicolor Bücherl, 1957: 385, f. 12-12a (m).
Thalerothele uniformis Bücherl, Timotheo & Lucas, 1971: 128, f. 12-14 (mf, S of Thalerothele aurantiaca and T. minensis).
Diplura macrura Raven, 1985a: 74, f. 18-23 (m).
Diplura macrura Pedroso, Castanheira & Baptista, 2016: 3, f. 2-13 (mf, S of Linothele bicolor and Diplura uniformis).

Diplura mapinguari Pedroso, Giupponi & Baptista, 2018: 59, f. 1-10, 28 (Dmf).

Melodeus niger F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896: 759, pl. 33, f. 2, 5 (Df).
Thalerothele nigra Petrunkevitch, 1911: 91.
Thalerothele nigra Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 102, f. 12 (f).
Diplura nigra Brescovit, Sherwood & Lucas, 2021: 684, f. 2A-E, 3B-D, 9A-G, 10A-D, 11A-F, 12A-D (Dm, f).

Parathalerothele paraguayensis Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1940: 105, pl. IX (Dm).
Achetopus paraguayensis Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1968b: 189, f. 6-8, 14-15 (m).
Achetopus paraguayensis Goloboff, 1982b: 103, f. 1 (Df).
Diplura paraguayensis Grismado & Goloboff, 2014a: 99, f. 11 (m).

Achetopus parallelus Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 99, f. 7-9 (Df).

Harmonicum petrunkevitchi Caporiacco, 1955: 269 (Df).

Harmonicon riveti Simon, 1903j: 314 (Dm).
Harmonicon riveti Berland, 1913b: 83, pl. 7, f. 5-6 (m).
Diplura riveti Dupérré & Tapia, 2021: 266, f. 7A-B, 8A-D (m, misplaced in Diplura).

Diplura rodrigoi Pedroso, Giupponi & Baptista, 2018: 62, f. 11-20, 25 (Dmf).

Melodeus sanguineus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896: 758, pl. 33, f. 1, 4, 7, pl. 35, f. 1 (Df).
Thalerothele sanguinea Simon, 1903a: 963.
Thalerothele sanguinea Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 104, f. 11 (f).
Diplura sanguinea Brescovit, Sherwood & Lucas, 2021: 682, f. 1A-E, 3A, 4A-G, 5A-D, 6A-F, 7A-D, 8A-D (Dm, f).
Diplura sanguinea Sherwood et al., 2023h: 4, f. 2A-D (f).

Euharmonicon studiosum Mello-Leitão, 1920b: 60 (Dm).
Euharmonicon studiosum Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 94, f. 19-22, 32-34 (m).

Taunayella taunayi Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 97, f. 13-16, 23 (Dmf).